Defines how long an idle user's session should remain connected to the server. Defaults to 0. Defaults to 45 seconds. How often the SockJS server should send heartbeat packets to the server. These are used to prevent proxies and load balancers from closing active SockJS connections. Defaults to 25 seconds.
A basic scheduler which will spawn one single-threaded R worker for each application. If no scheduler is specified, this is the default scheduler. A multi-process scheduler which will load-balance incoming traffic to multiple R processes. Each incoming request will be routed to the running worker with the fewest open connections, unless the request is explicitly targetting a particular worker.
The absolute paths to the files to use as the SSL key and certificate for this server. If present, will allow users to override the global defaults for a scheduler by customizing the parameters associated with a scheduler or even the type of scheduler used.
If present, will provide an administrative interface on the specified port allowing specified users to monitor deployed Shiny applications. Define how the Active Directory server will be accessed. Define the timeout for the parent LDAP connection. This timeout will be used when trying to connect to the LDAP server, and also when trying to query the server once connected.
If not provided, a default timeout of 10 seconds will be used. Define credentials used to perform the initial LDAP bind request for double-bind authentication. If not provided, single-bind authentication is performed. Define the template by which the username provided by the user should be converted to the username used to bind to the LDAP server. We currently only support storing all users in a single node of the directory.
This parameter instructs Shiny Server to instead trust this CA certificate. This must be true if using a self-signed SSL certificate. If not provided, this is set to 'true'. In Active Directory, the CN of the users are often not the username. In such instances, it is necessary to map the entered username to the user's DN.
Set the subtree which will be the root of user searches. The given string will be followed by a comma and the root DIT to form the base of the search for users. If empty, the unaltered root DIT will be used. Set the subtree which will be the root of group searches. The given string will be followed by a comma and the root DIT to form the base of the search for groups. The LDAP query to use in determining group membership.
This setting is deprecated and no longer enforced in Shiny Server. It is not permitted in configuration files. A directory containing custom templates to be used when generating pages in Shiny Server. Applies to: Top-level, server , location , admin Inheritable: Yes. When spawning a Shiny process for a user, the PAM profile specified here will be used.
The default is to use the 'su' profile. The program supervisor under which Shiny processes should be run. This can be a command that modifies Shiny's environment or resources. The default is to have no supervisor i. A directory for storing persisted application state. Disable WebSockets on connections to the server. Some networks will not reliably support WebSockets, so this setting can be used to force Shiny Server to fall back to another protocol to communicate with the server.
If present, RRD logging will be disabled. Note that having RRD is a prerequisite for enabling the admin interface. While this option is present, no data will be logged to be viewed in the Admin interface in the future, either. Disable some of the SockJS protocols used to establish a connection between your users and your server. Some network configurations cause problems with particular protocols; this option allows you to disable those.
If your Shiny apps are loading but are unable to show outputs or maintain connections, try disabling 'websocket', then both 'websocket' and 'streaming'. If problems persist, it's unlikely that they are caused by compatibilities with SockJS, as the only remaining protocols are 'polling' which should work well with just about any reasonable HTTP proxy, load balancer, VPN, etc.
By default, log files from Shiny processes that exited successfully exit status 0 will be deleted. This behavior can be overridden by setting this property to true in which case Shiny Server will not delete the log files from any Shiny process that it spawns. Otherwise, thousands of log files could quickly accrue and cause problems for the file system on which they are stored. By default, the log files for R processes are created and managed by the user running the server centrally often root.
In the typical scenario in which the logs are stored in a server-wide directory, this is desirable as only root user may have write access to such a directory. In those scenarios, this option can be set to true to have the log files created by the users running the associated processes. When a user's connection to the server is interrupted, Shiny Server will offer them a dialog that allows them to reconnect to their existing Shiny session for 15 seconds. This implies that the server will keep the Shiny session active on the server for an extra 15 seconds after a user disconnects in case they reconnect.
After the 15 seconds, the user's session will be reaped and they will be notified and offered an opportunity to refresh the page. If this setting is true, the server will immediately reap the session of any user who is disconnected. If this setting is true the default , only generic error messages will be shown to the client unless these were wrapped in safeError. Shiny Server Pro will spawn a process to track and collect historical metrics data. If we're able to drop root privileges, then we'll spawn this process as the user that we're running the server daemon as.
If we need to retain root privileges, then we'd use the shiny user to spawn this process. This setting will override that behavior, forcing Shiny Server to retain root privileges and to spawn the metrics process as the given user. Sets the X-Frame-Options header on URLs served from Shiny applications, to prevent the app from being embedded in a browser frame or iframe. This can be used as a mitigation for clickjacking attacks. If no option is provided, the default behavior is allow.
This protects from clickjacking attacks. If no option is provided, the default behavior is deny. Note: Modern browsers do not respond well when sites go from sending cookies with Secure , to sending them without Secure later--which should not be a common scenario, except during testing. In other words, if you use this directive for a while, then remove it, browsers may refuse to honor cookies from Shiny Server from that point on.
In Chrome, for example, you'll see a JavaScript console message of "This set-cookie was blocked because it was not sent over a secure connection and would have overwritten a cookie with the Secure attribute". In order to restore login functionality, affected users need to go into their browser settings and clear cookies for the Shiny Server's hostname.
Restricts the set of groups that will be applied to a logged in user. Shiny Server Pro currently has a bug where a user being a member of too many groups will cause login to fail. This command can be used to narrow down large group lists to sizes Shiny Server Pro can handle. In previous versions of Shiny Server Pro, if an error occurred in a Shiny app while processing an output, the error message would be shown in place of the output. Due to concerns that such error messages might include sensitive data such as file paths that reveal the directory structure of the server , Shiny Server Pro 1.
Check your logs or contact the app author for clarification. Adding this directive at the top level will restore the old behavior for the entire server. You can also use the directive at the server or location level if only certain applications should show specific error messages.
Alternatively, the app code itself can opt out of sanitized errors by adding the line options shiny. R or at the top of app. Shiny Server Pro 1. For the most part, this should not affect your installation of Shiny Server Pro.
The exception is if you are using a custom template for your login page. There are problems on some systems with updating from 0.
Thus, any user updating from the 0. In all versions 0. Shiny Server 0. There are a few things to be aware of when upgrading from Shiny Server 0. First, Shiny Server is now distributed via deb and rpm installers, rather than using npm. Therefore, you must first uninstall the old version of Shiny Server that was installed with npm. Shiny Server no longer requires node. If you have no other need for node. If you have made any modifications to these startup scripts that you wish to keep, save a copy of these files before running the installer.
The default directories for logging and Shiny application hosting have also moved in this release. Finally, Shiny Server 0.
You can check the system-wide version of Shiny you have installed using the following command:. Running this command using the sudo su - -c preface will allow you to see the system-wide version of Shiny. Individual users may have installed more recent versions of Shiny in their own R libraries.
If the installed version of Shiny predates 0. At this point, you can proceed with the Installation instructions associated with your Operating System. The performance footprint of a Shiny application is almost entirely dependent upon the Shiny application code.
There are two factors to consider when selecting the hardware platform for Shiny Server. The memory requirements of a Shiny application depend heavily on the amount of data loaded when running the application.
Users often find that a Shiny R process requires a minimum of 50MB of RAM -- beyond this, the amount of memory consumed by an application is determined by the data loaded or generated by that application.
The Scoping Section of the Shiny Tutorial describes in detail how to take advantage of Shiny's scoping rules to share data across multiple Shiny sessions. This enables application developers to load only one copy of data into memory but still share this data with multiple shiny sessions. R is fundamentally a single-threaded application. Unless parallel packages and tools are specifically selected when designing a Shiny application, the R process and the associated Shiny application will be run serially on a single processing core.
Therefore, the typical Shiny application may saturate the processing core to which it is assigned, but will be unable to leverage other cores on the server that may be idle at that time. Shiny Server does not require a connection to the Internet to work properly, so you are free to deploy it in whatever network configuration you prefer.
Offline activation is also available for Shiny Server Professional customers. Any existing application directives in your configuration file will need to be migrated to this nested location format in order to be supported by any version of Shiny Server after 0.
Nested location s, on the other hand, are indexed by their relative path within their parent location. For instance, the following exemplifies how you could redirect a particular application in the old model:. This structure is much more powerful than simple application settings. The following configuration defines a parent location depts with some settings, then overrides those settings for a particular directory finance within that location. Firefox limits the persistent connections that the browser can have open to a single server.
For most use cases, this will not be a problem. But a user who opens multiple Shiny Docs with many embedded Shiny components all at once may hit this limit. To resolve this problem, increase the network. Once that limit is increased, you should be able to open many complex Shiny Docs simultaneously from Firefox without issue. Some users may have an existing table of usernames and passwords they wish to import into a flat-file authentication system using the sspasswd tool.
The shell script below can be used as a model for scripting such a solution, but be aware of the security concern mentioned below. This script expects a user file in which the values are stored in a tab-delimited format, with the username in the first column and the password in the second.
Most secure password-generating tools recommend that the password be typed in an interactive console in which the text can be hidden, rather than passing it in via a command-line argument. There are two main reasons for this:. Be sure you fully understand the security implications of the above script before using it, especially if using it on an unsecured or multi-user server.
If you do not already have the SSL certificates for your server, you can download them using this tool. If you run. If you review this output, in particular the last few lines, you should see a "result". If there is a problem, it may say something like Verify return code: 19 self signed certificate in certificate chain , which indicates that there is an issue with trusting the SSL connection between you and your LDAPS server. If you see an error like the one above, you need to instruct your client to trust a particular Certificate Authority CA that the openssl tool does not trust by default.
Once you retrieve the CA certificate for your organization which should also be the last certificate returned by the command above if you are actually connected to the right server , you can tell openssl to trust that CA by using a command in the format of. Assuming that the certificate matches the CA you provide, and that everything is in the right format, you should get a line of output from openssl that says, Verify return code: 0 ok.
Once you see that, you know you have your CA certificate in the right format. There is one important check that the openssl tools does not perform that you should do before trying to use the certificate in Shiny Server Pro.
You will need to confirm that the hostname you are using matches the SSL certificate. If you see some LDAP output,perhaps starting with DN: , and no errors, then things are working properly and you have the right hostname.
Once you have the CA certificate working in the above tests, then you are ready to apply it to Shiny Server Pro. This manual describes Shiny Server Professional, which offers, among other things, the following additional features: Ensure your applications are protected and can only be accessed by specific, authenticated users. Scale a Shiny application to support many users by empowering a Shiny application to be backed by multiple R Shiny processes simultaneously.
Gain insight into the performance and usage of your Shiny applications by monitoring them using a web dashboard. Securely encrypt data being sent to and from your applications using SSL. Understand and manage current and historical application resource utilization to better configure and optimize your applications. Fine-tune the resources devoted to each user of an application by configuring multi-process Shiny applications based on the number of concurrent sessions.
Monitor the health of your Shiny Server using the health check endpoint. Change the file to be owned by the root user. Client is forbidden from accessing this page. Or, in Shiny Server Pro, that the user is signed in but does not have permissions to view this application. Pro Only You have exceeded the number of concurrent users allotted for your license. The username that should be used to run the app.
IPv6 zone IDs are not supported. The status code to send with the response usually for permanent redirects or for temporary redirects. The file mode to use, interpreted as an octal number.
Set this to to allow all users on the system to read log files. Users must be a member of at least one of these groups in order to deploy applications; if no groups are provided, then all users are allowed. Whether case-insensitive matching should be used. The name of the HTTP header containing the groups for the current user. Groups should be comma-delimited. Leave this value empty if your proxy will not provide group information. The number of minutes; must be greater than or equal to 10 or applications may behave unpredictably.
The number of seconds after which an idle session will be disconnected. If 0, sessions will never be automatically disconnected. The maximum number of requests to assign to this scheduler before it should start returning rejecting incoming traffic using a ' - Service Unavailable' message.
Once this threshold is hit, users attempting to initialize a new session will receive errors. A decimal value in 0, 1] defining the capacity at which a new R process should be pre-emptively spawned.
Run apps on a hardware device. Configure your build. Optimize your build speed. Debug your app. Test your app. Profile your app. Android Studio profilers. Profile CPU activity. Benchmark your app. Measure performance. Publish your app. Command line tools. Android Developers. About build types By default, there are two build types available for every Android app: one for debugging your app—the debug build—and one for releasing your app to users—the release build.
Build and deploy an APK Although building an app bundle is the best way to package your app and upload it to the Play Console, building an APK is better suited for when you want quickly test a debug build or share your app as a deployable artifact with others.
Build a release bundle or APK When you're ready to release and distribute your app, you must build a release bundle or APK that is signed with your private key. Now you can install your app using either one of the Gradle install tasks mentioned in the section about how to build a debug APK or the adb tool.
For more information, see Run Apps on the Android Emulator. Deploy your app to a physical device Before you can run your app on a device, you must enable USB debugging on your device. For more information, see Run Apps on a Hardware Device.
Build an app bundle using bundletool bundletool is a command line tool that Android Studio, the Android Gradle plugin, and Google Play use to convert your app's compiled code and resources into app bundles, and generate deployable APKs from those bundles.
Copy the name of the latest version of AAPT2. Unpackage the JAR file you just downloaded. Package pre-compiled code and resources Before you use bundletool to generate an app bundle for your app, you must first provide ZIP files that each contain the compiled code and resources for a given app module. A directory with one or more of your app's compiled DEX files.
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Click again on "Credentials" on the left panel to go back to the "Credentials" screen. Choose an application type of "Desktop app" and click "Create". Be aware that, due to the "enhanced security" recently introduced by Google, you are theoretically expected to "submit your app for verification" and then wait a few weeks!
Note that it will automatically create a new project in the API Console. Twitter Facebook Reddit. Google Drive Paths are specified as drive:path Drive paths may be as deep as required, e. Configuration The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive which you need to do in your browser. Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.
File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app. Fill in to access "Computers" folders. The scope are drive This is the default scope and allows full access to all files, except for the Application Data Folder see below. Choose this one if you aren't sure. Files created with this scope are visible in the web interface.
Normally you will leave this blank and rclone will determine the correct root to use itself. Service Account support You can set up rclone with Google Drive in an unattended mode, i. There's a few steps we need to go through to accomplish this: 1. Create a service account for example. You must have a project - create one if you don't. Use the "Create Credentials" button.
Fill in "Service account name" with something that identifies your client. This option makes "impersonation" possible, as documented here: Delegating domain-wide authority to the service account These credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.
If you ever need to remove access, press the "Delete service account key" button. Allowing API access to example. Verify that it's working rclone -v --drive-impersonate foo example.
It does this by combining multiple list calls into a single API request. Revisions Google drive stores revisions of files. Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was They are deleted after 30 days or revisions whatever comes first.
They do not count towards a user storage quota. Deleting files By default rclone will send all files to the trash when deleting files. Be default rclone treats these as follows. For shortcuts pointing to files: When listing a file shortcut appears as the destination file. When downloading the contents of the destination file is downloaded.
When updating shortcut file with a non shortcut file, the shortcut is removed then a new file is uploaded in place of the shortcut. When server-side moving renaming the shortcut is renamed, not the destination file. When server-side copying the shortcut is copied, not the contents of the shortcut.
When deleting the shortcut is deleted not the linked file. When setting the modification time, the modification time of the linked file will be set.
For shortcuts pointing to folders: When listing the shortcut appears as a folder and that folder will contain the contents of the linked folder appear including any sub folders When downloading the contents of the linked folder and sub contents are downloaded When uploading to a shortcut folder the file will be placed in the linked folder When server-side moving renaming the shortcut is renamed, not the destination folder When server-side copying the contents of the linked folder is copied, not the shortcut.
For numeric types, the default value is zero. For enums, the default value is the first value listed in the enum's type definition. This means care must be taken when adding a value to the beginning of an enum value list. See the Updating A Message Type section for guidelines on how to safely change definitions.
When you're defining a message type, you might want one of its fields to only have one of a pre-defined list of values. You can do this very simply by adding an enum to your message definition - a field with an enum type can only have one of a specified set of constants as its value if you try to provide a different value, the parser will treat it like an unknown field. In the following example we've added an enum called Corpus with all the possible values, and a field of type Corpus :.
You can define aliases by assigning the same value to different enum constants. Enumerator constants must be in the range of a bit integer. Since enum values use varint encoding on the wire, negative values are inefficient and thus not recommended. You can define enum s within a message definition, as in the above example, or outside — these enum s can be reused in any message definition in your. For more information about how to work with message enum s in your applications, see the generated code guide for your chosen language.
If you update an enum type by entirely removing an enum entry, or commenting it out, future users can reuse the numeric value when making their own updates to the type. The protocol buffer compiler will complain if any future users try to use these identifiers. You can specify that your reserved numeric value range goes up to the maximum possible value using the max keyword. Note that you can't mix field names and numeric values in the same reserved statement.
You can use other message types as field types. For example, let's say you wanted to include Result messages in each SearchResponse message — to do this, you can define a Result message type in the same.
In the above example, the Result message type is defined in the same file as SearchResponse — what if the message type you want to use as a field type is already defined in another. You can use definitions from other. To import another. By default, you can use definitions only from directly imported.
However, sometimes you may need to move a. Instead of moving the. If no flag was given, it looks in the directory in which the compiler was invoked.
It's possible to import proto3 message types and use them in your proto2 messages, and vice versa. However, proto2 enums cannot be used in proto3 syntax. You can define and use message types inside other message types, as in the following example — here the Result message is defined inside the SearchResponse message:. This feature is deprecated and should not be used when creating new message types — use nested message types instead.
Groups are another way to nest information in your message definitions. For example, another way to specify a SearchResponse containing a number of Result s is as follows:. A group simply combines a nested message type and a field into a single declaration. In your code, you can treat this message just as if it had a Result type field called result the latter name is converted to lower-case so that it does not conflict with the former.
Therefore, this example is exactly equivalent to the SearchResponse above, except that the message has a different wire format. If an existing message type no longer meets all your needs — for example, you'd like the message format to have an extra field — but you'd still like to use code created with the old format, don't worry!
It's very simple to update message types without breaking any of your existing code. Just remember the following rules:. Extensions let you declare that a range of field numbers in a message are available for third-party extensions. An extension is a placeholder for a field whose type is not defined by the original. This allows other. Let's look at an example:. This says that the range of field numbers [, ] in Foo is reserved for extensions.
Other users can now add new fields to Foo in their own. This adds a field named bar with the field number to the original definition of Foo.
When your user's Foo messages are encoded, the wire format is exactly the same as if the user defined the new field inside Foo. However, the way you access extension fields in your application code is slightly different to accessing regular fields — your generated data access code has special accessors for working with extensions.
All have semantics matching the corresponding generated accessors for a normal field. For more information about working with extensions, see the generated code reference for your chosen language. In other words, the only effect is that bar is defined within the scope of Baz.
This is a common source of confusion: Declaring an extend block nested inside a message type does not imply any relationship between the outer type and the extended type. In particular, the above example does not mean that Baz is any sort of subclass of Foo. All it means is that the symbol bar is declared inside the scope of Baz ; it's simply a static member.
A common pattern is to define extensions inside the scope of the extension's field type — for example, here's an extension to Foo of type Baz , where the extension is defined as part of Baz :. However, there is no requirement that an extension with a message type be defined inside that type.
You can also do this:. In fact, this syntax may be preferred to avoid confusion.
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